Interbasin Water Transfer
One of the most
effective ways to increase the irrigation potential for increasing the food
grain production,
mitigate floods and droughts and reduce regional imbalance in the
availability of water is the Inter Basin
Water Transfer (Inter Basin Water Transfer) from the surplus rivers to
deficit areas. There are 12 inter-basin
transfer links made /proposed in the basin, out of which 10 links falls
under Himalayan component and most of its data is classified and two
Peninsular Components as shown
here.
The Himalayan
component envisages construction of storage reservoirs on the main river
Ganga and its principal tributaries in India to conserve monsoon
flows for irrigation and hydro-power generation, besides flood control. Links will transfer surplus flows of the Kosi, Gandak and Ghagra to the
west. In addition, the links will augment dry-weather flow of the river Ganga. Surplus flows that will become
available on account of inter-linking of the Ganga and the Yamuna are
proposed to be transferred to the drought prone areas of Haryana,
Rajasthan and Gujarat. The ten Himalayan Components of Ganga basin is given
below:
-
Kosi-Ghaghara Link:
The 428.76 km long link, which will start from the right side of the
Chatra barrage, will fall in the Gaura river, a tributary of the
Chaghara river, in Uttar Pradesh after crossing over the Tiljuga, the
Khanro, the Bagmati and the Lalbakkeya rivers in Nepal and the river
Gandak in Bihar. The receiving capacity will be 1021 cumecs while it will
discharge 67 cumecs in Gaura river. The total benefited area through this
link canal is 10.58 lakh hectares. Out of this 8.17 lakh hectare and 0.67
lakh hectare area of North Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, respectively.
-
Gandak-Ganga Link:
The 639 km long link canal, which would start from the right side of the
proposed dam across Gandak river in Nepal, will fall in Ganga river near
Mustafabad in Rai Bareli district of Uttar Pradesh. It will run through
Nepal and various districts of Uttar Pradesh.
-
Ghaghara-Yamuna
Link:
The Ghagra-Yamuna link project is an inter-dependent link under the
Himalayan
Component of NPP. A study reveals that the Ghagra river (known as Karnali
in Nepal) at the proposed the Chisapani
dam site has surplus water. It is proposed that the existing
requirement of water for
the Sarda Sahayak Pariyojna, Saryu Nahar Pariyojna and various pump
canals would be met from the proposed Gandak -
Ganga link project and the water saved
thereby could be
diverted from the proposed Chisapani reservoir through the Ghagra - Yamuna
link canal. The height of proposed dam is 175 m. A regulating dam
downstream of the Chisapani dam is proposed with a full reservoir level of
200 m and a minimum drawdown level 193 m. The link canal shall join Yamuna
river in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh. The total length of the link
canal would be
about 417 km with its depth varying from 8 m in the head reach to 5 m in
the tail reach and the width varying from 85.5 m in the head reach to 18 m
towards the tail end.
-
Sarda-Yamuna Link:
This link canal is planned to divert 17,906 MCM water of Himalayan rivers.
Its length will be 1,835 km out of which 75 km will be in Gujarat State. A
total of 4 states, Uttar
Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat, are to be
benefited by this link. About 1,627 MCM water has been allocated to North
Gujarat which is only 9 percent of the total divertible water at the canal
head.
-
Yamuna-Rajasthan
Link:
The Yamuna-Rajasthan link proposal is an extension of the proposed
Sarda-Yamuna Link beyond the Yamuna to provide irrigation to the drought
prone areas of Haryana and Rajasthan. It envisages diversion of 8,657 MCM
of water from the Sarda basin at Purnagiri. The Yamuna - Rajasthan link is
to take off from the right bank of proposed Yamuna
barrage
and passes through the Karnal, Sonipat, Jind, Hisar and Bhiwani districts
of Haryana and Churu, Hanumangarh, Ganganagar, Bikaner, Jodhpur and
Jaisalmer districts of Rajasthan and
ends on the
Jaisalmer-Hamira-Shri Mohangarh Road at a distance of 4.5 km from village
Kanod towards Jaisalmer. The length of
the link canal is 786 km, out of which 196 km lies in Haryana
and the rest 590 km in
Rajasthan. The Yamuna - Rajasthan link will provide an annual irrigation
of 244,200 ha in the districts of
Ganganagar, Bikaner, Jodhpur and Jaisalmer of Rajasthan.
-
Chunar-Sone Barrage Link:
The 149.10 km long canal will start from the right side of Ganga river
near Chunar Tehsil of Mirzapur district
in Uttar Pradesh. It will fall into the Sone river near
Indrapuri barrage in
Rohtas district. There would be a lift of 38.8 meters, 16.10 meters and
4.4 meters at
three different places on route. In addition to stabilizing substantial
command areas of Western Sone high level and low level canals, this link
canal will provide irrigation in 66,793
hectares of new area in Mirzapur, Varanasi and Gazipur districts of Uttar
Pradesh and Bhabhua, Rohtas, Buxar and Bhojpur districts of Bihar.
-
Sone Dam-Southern tributaries of Ganga Link:
The 339 km long canal will begin from the right side of the proposed dam
across the Sone river near Kadwan in Jharkhand. The canal would fall
into the Badua river after crossing over
the Morhar, the Lilajan, the Dharmajayi, the Sakri and
the Kiul rivers. Two
hydal projects of 3.5 MW and 1.5 MW capacities would be finalised near the
junction of the
Sakri river. The total benefited area through this link canal will be 3.07
lakh hectares in the districts of Patna, Nalanda, Gaya, Jehanabad, Munger,
Bhagalpur, Nawada, Jamui and Aurangabad of Bihar and Palamu district of
Jharkhand.
-
Manas-Sankosh-Tista-Ganga Link: Interlinking of the Brahmaputra with the Ganga, the
Subernarekha and the
Mahanadi is proposed to transfer waters of the Brahmaputra to benefit
areas in Assam,
West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand. This link envisages diversion of surplus
water from Manas and Sankosh rivers in
the Brahmaputra basin to augment flows of the Ganga
upstream of Farakka. For
this link high dams are proposed at Manas and Sankosh with storage
capacities of 8.75 BCM
and 4.93 BCM, respectively. The 114 km long link canal between Manas
and Sankosh will
have a discharge capacity of 3,725 cubic meters per second. Beyond Sankosh
and up to the Teesta barrage, the link canal is 137 km long
with a capacity of 1,092 cubic meters per second.
-
Farakka-Sunderbans
Link:
The Farakka-Sunderbans Link will join Ganga river (Farakka Barrage) to
Sunderban Delta in West Bengal.
-
Ganga-Damodar-Subernarekha Link:
The Ganga-Damodar-Subernarekha Link will join the Ganga to Subernarekha
river.
The Ken-Betwa Link
and Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal Link are two peninsular inter-basin transfer
links that falls in Ganga basin.
-
Ken-Betwa Link:
This link will cover a length of
about 231 km. and provide irrigation in the downstream of proposed Daudhan dam, water short areas of Upper Betwa
basin by way of substitution and also irrigate areas of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya
Pradesh. It will also provide domestic and industrial water needs of 12 MCM, besides an installed
capacity of 72 MW of power.
About 37 MCM will be used for meeting the transmission losses of the canal.
NWDA has already
completed the feasibility study of this link. About 8,550 people shall be
affected in ten villages by
implementation of this link.
-
Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal Link: Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal link project envisages
the diversion of surplus
waters of Parbati and Kalisindh sub-basins to Gandhisagar dam /Rana Pratap
Sagar dam across Chambal river. The water will be utilized for irrigation
in the new command areas enroute the link canal & the existing command of Chambal system at
Kota barrage. A population of 27,055 people in 65 villages is likely to be affected by
implementation of this link.
(Source: India-WRIS) |